ADHD and the facts

ADHD medication may support a child or adult to manage their ADHD symptoms. A multimodal approach is the most effective way to manage everyday life and help to control behaviours that are associated with a diagnosis of ADHD.

A combination of treatments including medication, psychotherapy, education and knowledge Treatments for adults can include medication, psychotherapy, education or training.

In Australia there are several different types of medications that are either short acting or long acting.

• Stimulants are the best-known and most widely used ADHD medications. Between 70-80% of children with ADHD have fewer ADHD symptoms when taking these fast-acting medications.
• Nonstimulants were approved for the treatment of ADHD in 2003. They do not work as quickly as stimulants, but their effect can last up to 24 hours.

In Australia only authorised prescribers/medical professionals can prescribe medication. It can take trials of different medications and doses adjusted to meet each individual’s needs. may need to try different medications and doses.

As with all medications the effect of medication can be quite different and can affect people differently therefore it is extremely important that effective monitoring forms part of the diagnosis and treatment.

ADHD Foundation recommends the following links to learn more about diagnosis and treatment throughout the lifespan

Some psychologists can diagnose ADHD; however, initial medication is only prescribed by a psychiatrist or a paediatrician in Australia when medication has stabilised; in some circumstances, ongoing management conducted by another medical practitioner. Delays in obtaining that initial diagnosis and having medication prescribed can take several months.

There are very few ADHD specialists available in Australia, and appointments can take some time, therefore creating much pressure getting that initial script. However, the ADHD Foundation is hopeful that this will change in short to medium future, with more professionals trained to treat ADHD. The ADHD National Helpline at support@adhdfoundation.org.au or call on us on 1300 39 39 19 for assistance.

In preparation for a psychiatrist appointment, please see the preparation link. As ADHD is individual to each individual, some people manage their ADHD positively without medication and flourish. Others need more assistance and treatment to manage their lives successfully.

No treatments are 100% effective, but medications is recognised as giving the most effective benefits. The best results are when medication is combined with other non-pharmacological treatments such as cognitive behaviour therapy, ADHD Coaching and psychotherapy for associated conditions.

Rules and regulations across Australia vary from State to State and because of this can be very confusing for people who are required to travel across borders for extended periods. It is important to be aware of these variations if moving from State to State. More information is available here ADHD Stimulant Prescribing Regulations & Authorities in Australia & New Zealand – AADPA

Recently the PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) removed the age restriction (previously 18years) to allow adults over the age of 18 to be eligible to have a PBS Script, however there are restrictions that need to be considered. The ADHD Foundation has prepared a Factsheet to assist in understanding these restrictions.

It is common to have co-existing conditions with ADHD – such as anxiety, depression, learning difficulties, Asperger’s syndrome (autistic spectrum). Unfortunately, some people are treated for their presenting problem, overlooking the underlying ADHD. When ADHD is not recognised or not treated, it may lead to ‘self medication’ with substances such as alcohol or illicit drugs, which can lead to addiction. LINK to watch more information.

A comprehensive multimodal consisting of medication, medical, educational, behavioural, and psychological interventions is generally the best approach for best treatment options for ADHD in children and young adolescents. ADHD is a long-lasting disorder that can be a major risk factor to mental health in adulthood. Consequently, there is a need for adolescents and young adults to be able to have continual benefit from specialised therapeutic services. Therefore, monitoring and care transition in the 17–25 years age group is a crucial public health issue (Swift et al, 2014.In France, some young adults with ADHD do not benefit from coordination, personalised and well-prepared transitional support from childhood to adulthood. LINK to study

Teenagers and young adults often a reduced ability to focus and concentrate are some of the symptoms of ADHD. Part of the impulsivity that comes with ADHD will often lead teens and young adults to engage in drugs and alcohol. Contrary to some beliefs that ADHD medications are the gateway to drug and alcohol abuse, it is not the case. It is more likely that a teenager or young adult with ADHD and has not had a clinical diagnosis will engage in these activities. Studies recommended that parents have accurate information and engage in conversation with their child at a young age by explaining the vulnerabilities they can face to support the child to avoid trouble by not engaging in illicit drug activity. Recent indications are that if a young person avoids illicit drugs and alcohol until 21 years, they are more likely to not engage with these activities as an adult. READ MORE

There is more knowledge now around a variety of conditions that students are dealing with, and ADHD is one of them. Schools have access to information, resources, and expertise to support all students experiencing ADHD. Students are all different, and you may need to talk to the student support team or counsellor, to make sure they understand your learning needs.

The school may need you to provide them with your doctor’s diagnosis, any specific learning and behavioural challenges, and any other treatment you are getting. They may also need to know what medications and doses you are taking; also, if your paediatrician, psychiatrist, or psychologist has a management plan in place for you. adhd-facts.pdf (russellbarkley.org)

In a non ADHD brain executive is starting to be developed around the age of 2 and by the age of 30 has matured. For a child with ADHD or ADD studies have shown that delays of up to 40% behind those without ADHD. Within the executive functions there are 7 functions self-awareness: inhibition: non-verbal and verbal working memory: emotional self-regulation and planning and problem solving all of which develops at different stages and time. Russell A. Barkley, is an internationally subject matter expert on ADHD. He has examined executive functioning in the ADHD in many of his studies. Link to his factsheets HERE or videos here ONE TWO THREE You may also wish to visit our PAGE for more information

There is always help for your family too. The same people who can help you, can help your family – bringing them to a greater understanding of ADHD and to better cope with the challenges it can bring. There are also support groups that can offer practical strategies that might work for your family by sharing and listening with friendly support from other parents.

Sometimes knowing you are not the only one out there dealing with ADHD can be reassuring. Families can endure high costs, family pressures and challenges when ADHD forms part of the family dynamics. It is important to realise that your family are there to help and talking through issues can help them understand how you are feeling and learn more about your needs.